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class Backtrace::Frame

Single frame of a Backtrace 
class Backtrace::Frame { }

A single backtrace frame. It identifies a location in the source code.

Methods

method file 

method file(Backtrace::Frame:D --> Str)

Returns the file name. 

my $bt = Backtrace.new;
    my $btf = $bt[0];
    say $btf.file;

method line 

method line(Backtrace::Frame:D --> Int)

Returns the line number (line numbers start counting from 1). 

my $bt = Backtrace.new;
    my $btf = $bt[0];
    say $btf.line;

method code 

method code(Backtrace::Frame:D)

Returns the code object into which .file and .line point, if available. 

my $bt = Backtrace.new;
    my $btf = $bt[0];
    say $btf.code;

method subname 

method subname(Backtrace::Frame:D --> Str)

Returns the name of the enclosing subroutine. 

my $bt = Backtrace.new;
    my $btf = $bt[0];
    say $btf.subname;

method is-hidden 

method is-hidden(Backtrace::Frame:D: --> Bool:D)

Returns True if the frame is marked as hidden with the is hidden-from-backtrace trait. 

my $bt = Backtrace.new;
    my $btf = $bt[0];
    say $btf.is-hidden;

method is-routine 

method is-routine(Backtrace::Frame:D: --> Bool:D)

Return True if the frame points into a routine (and not into a mere Block). 

my $bt = Backtrace.new;
    my $btf = $bt[0];
    say $btf.is-routine;

method is-setting 

method is-setting(Backtrace::Frame:D: --> Bool:D)

Returns True if the frame is part of a setting. 

my $bt = Backtrace.new;
    my $btf = $bt[0];
    say $btf.is-setting; # OUTPUT: «True␤»

See Also

class Backtrace

Snapshot of the dynamic call stack

role CX::Done

Done control exception

role CX::Emit

Emit control exception

role CX::Last

Last control exception

role CX::Next

Next control exception

role CX::Proceed

Proceed control exception

role CX::Redo

Redo control exception

role CX::Return

Return control exception

role CX::Succeed

Succeed control exception

role CX::Take

Take control exception

role CX::Warn

Control exception warning

class Exception

Anomalous event capable of interrupting normal control-flow

class Failure

Delayed exception

class X::AdHoc

Error with a custom message

class X::Anon::Augment

Compilation error due to augmenting an anonymous package

class X::Anon::Multi

Compilation error due to declaring an anonymous multi

class X::Assignment::RO

Exception thrown when trying to assign to something read-only

class X::Attribute::NoPackage

Compilation error due to declaring an attribute outside of a package

class X::Attribute::Package

Compilation error due to declaring an attribute in an ineligible package

class X::Attribute::Required

Compilation error due to not declaring an attribute with the is required trait

class X::Attribute::Undeclared

Compilation error due to an undeclared attribute

class X::Augment::NoSuchType

Compilation error due to augmenting a non-existing type

class X::Bind

Error due to binding to something that is not a variable or container

class X::Bind::NativeType

Compilation error due to binding to a natively typed variable

class X::Bind::Slice

Error due to binding to a slice

class X::Caller::NotDynamic

Error while trying to access a non dynamic variable through CALLER

class X::Cannot::Empty

Error due to inappropriate usage of an empty collection

class X::Cannot::Lazy

Error due to inappropriate usage of a lazy list

class X::Channel::ReceiveOnClosed

Error due to calling receive on a closed channel

class X::Channel::SendOnClosed

Error due to calling send on a closed channel

class X::Composition::NotComposable

Compilation error due to composing an ineligible type

class X::Constructor::Positional

Error due to passing positional arguments to a default constructor

role X::Control

Role for control exceptions

class X::ControlFlow

Error due to calling a loop control command in an ineligible scope

class X::ControlFlow::Return

Error due to calling return outside a routine

class X::DateTime::TimezoneClash

Error due to using both time zone offset and :timezone

class X::Declaration::Scope

Compilation error due to a declaration with an ineligible scope

class X::Declaration::Scope::Multi

Compilation error due to declaring a multi with an ineligible scope

class X::Does::TypeObject

Error due to mixing into a type object

class X::Dynamic::NotFound

Runtime error thrown when a dynamic variable does not exist

class X::Eval::NoSuchLang

Error due to specifying an unknown language for EVAL

class X::Export::NameClash

Compilation error due to exporting the same symbol twice

class X::Inheritance::NotComposed

Error due to inheriting from a type that's not composed yet

class X::Inheritance::Unsupported

Compilation error due to inheriting from an ineligible type

class X::IO::BinaryMode

Error while invoking methods on a handle in binary mode.

class X::IO::Chdir

Error while trying to change the working directory

class X::IO::Chmod

Error while trying to change file permissions

class X::IO::Chown

Error while trying to change file ownership

class X::IO::Copy

Error while trying to copy a file

class X::IO::Cwd

Error while trying to determine the current working directory

class X::IO::Dir

Error while trying to get a directory's contents

class X::IO::DoesNotExist

Error while doing file tests on a non existing path

class X::IO::Link

Error while trying to create a link

class X::IO::Mkdir

Error while trying to create a directory

class X::IO::Move

Error while trying to move a file

class X::IO::Rename

Error while trying to rename a file or directory

class X::IO::Rmdir

Error while trying to remove a directory

class X::IO::Symlink

Error while trying to create a symbolic link

class X::IO::Unlink

Error while trying to remove a file

class X::Method::InvalidQualifier

Error due to calling a qualified method from an ineligible class

class X::Method::NotFound

Error due to calling a method that isn't there

class X::Method::Private::Permission

Compilation error due to calling a private method without permission

class X::Method::Private::Unqualified

Compilation error due to an unqualified private method call

class X::Mixin::NotComposable

Error due to using an ineligible type as a mixin

class X::NoDispatcher

Error due to calling a dispatch command in an ineligible scope

class X::Numeric::CannotConvert

Error while trying to coerce a number to another type

class X::Numeric::DivideByZero

Error while trying to divide by zero

class X::Numeric::Real

Error while trying to coerce a number to a Real type

class X::NYI

Error due to use of an unimplemented feature

class X::Obsolete

Compilation error due to use of obsolete syntax

class X::OutOfRange

Error due to indexing outside of an allowed range

class X::Package::Stubbed

Compilation error due to a stubbed package that is never defined

class X::Parameter::Default

Compilation error due to an unallowed default value in a signature

class X::Parameter::MultipleTypeConstraints

Compilation error due to a parameter with multiple type constraints

class X::Parameter::Placeholder

Compilation error due to an unallowed placeholder in a signature

class X::Parameter::Twigil

Compilation error due to an unallowed twigil in a signature

class X::Parameter::WrongOrder

Compilation error due to passing parameters in the wrong order

class X::Phaser::Multiple

Compilation error due to multiple phasers of the same type

class X::Phaser::PrePost

Error due to a false return value of a PRE/POST phaser

class X::Placeholder::Block

Compilation error due to a placeholder in an ineligible block

class X::Placeholder::Mainline

Compilation error due to a placeholder in the mainline

class X::Proc::Async::AlreadyStarted

Error due to calling start on an already started Proc::Async object

class X::Proc::Async::BindOrUse

Error due to trying to bind a handle that is also used

class X::Proc::Async::CharsOrBytes

Error due to tapping the same Proc::Async stream for both text and binary reading

class X::Proc::Async::MustBeStarted

Error due to interacting with a Proc::Async stream before spawning its process

class X::Proc::Async::OpenForWriting

Error due to writing to a read-only Proc::Async object

class X::Proc::Async::TapBeforeSpawn

Error due to tapping a Proc::Async stream after spawning its process

class X::Proc::Unsuccessful

Exception thrown if a Proc object is sunk after the process it ran exited unsuccessfully

class X::Promise::CauseOnlyValidOnBroken

Error due to asking why an unbroken promise has been broken.

class X::Promise::Vowed

Error due to directly trying to keep/break a vowed promise.

class X::Redeclaration

Compilation error due to declaring an already declared symbol

class X::Role::Initialization

Error due to passing an initialization value to an ineligible role

class X::Scheduler::CueInNaNSeconds

Error caused by passing NaN to Scheduler.cue as :at, :in, or :every

class X::Seq::Consumed

Error due to trying to reuse a consumed sequence

class X::Sequence::Deduction

Error due to constructing a sequence from ineligible input

class X::Signature::NameClash

Compilation error due to two named parameters with the same name

class X::Signature::Placeholder

Compilation error due to placeholders in a block with a signature

class X::Str::Match::x

Invalid argument type for :x argument to Str matching methods

class X::Str::Numeric

Error while trying to coerce a string to a number

class X::StubCode

Runtime error due to execution of stub code

class X::Syntax::Augment::WithoutMonkeyTyping

Compilation error due to augmenting a type without the MONKEY-TYPING pragma

class X::Syntax::Comment::Embedded

Compilation error due to a malformed inline comment

class X::Syntax::Confused

Compilation error due to unrecognized syntax

class X::Syntax::InfixInTermPosition

Compilation error due to an infix in term position

class X::Syntax::Malformed

Compilation error due to a malformed construct (usually a declarator)

class X::Syntax::Missing

Compilation error due to a missing piece of syntax

class X::Syntax::NegatedPair

Compilation error due to passing an argument to a negated colonpair

class X::Syntax::NoSelf

Compilation error due to implicitly using a self that is not there

class X::Syntax::Number::RadixOutOfRange

Compilation error due to an unallowed radix in a number literal

class X::Syntax::P5

Compilation error due to use of Perl-only syntax

class X::Syntax::Perl5Var

Compilation error due to use of Perl-only default variables

class X::Syntax::Regex::Adverb

Compilation error due to an unrecognized regex adverb

class X::Syntax::Regex::SolitaryQuantifier

Compilation error due to a regex quantifier without preceding atom

class X::Syntax::Reserved

Compilation error due to use of syntax reserved for future use

class X::Syntax::Self::WithoutObject

Compilation error due to invoking self in an ineligible scope

class X::Syntax::Signature::InvocantMarker

Compilation error due to a misplaced invocant marker in a signature

class X::Syntax::Term::MissingInitializer

Compilation error due to declaring a term without initialization

class X::Syntax::UnlessElse

Compilation error due to an unless clause followed by else

class X::Syntax::Variable::Match

Compilation error due to declaring a match variable

class X::Syntax::Variable::Numeric

Compilation error due to declaring a numeric symbol

class X::Syntax::Variable::Twigil

Compilation error due to an unallowed twigil in a declaration

class X::Temporal::InvalidFormat

Error due to using an invalid format when creating a DateTime or Date

class X::TypeCheck

Error due to a failed type check

class X::TypeCheck::Assignment

Error due to a failed type check during assignment

class X::TypeCheck::Binding

Error due to a failed type check during binding

class X::TypeCheck::Return

Error due to a failed typecheck during return

class X::TypeCheck::Splice

Compilation error due to a macro trying to splice a non-AST value

class X::Undeclared

Compilation error due to an undeclared symbol

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