README-Hangul

Lang::JA::Kana::Hangul - Japanese Kana to Korean Hangul Conversion

Documentation:

Main: English • 日本語
Romaji: README-Romaji.md
Cyrillic: English • Русский
Hangul: English • 한국어

Overview

Lang::JA::Kana::Hangul provides comprehensive conversion from Japanese Kana (Hiragana and Katakana) to Korean Hangul script using multiple transliteration systems designed for different purposes and contexts.

Features

Multiple Conversion Systems: Four distinct systems tailored for different use cases
Comprehensive Character Support: Handles all standard kana, historical kana, and modern extensions
Sokuon (っ) Processing: Advanced handling of consonant doubling with system-specific rules
Korean Phonotactics: Proper Korean syllable structure with initial, medial, and final consonants
Unicode Compliance: Full Unicode Korean syllable block support (0xAC00-0xD7A3)

Installation

use Lang::JA::Kana::Hangul;

Basic Usage

use Lang::JA::Kana::Hangul;

# Basic conversion (Standard system - default)
say to-hangul("こんにちは");      # → 곤니치하
say to-hangul("さくら");         # → 사구라
say to-hangul("ありがとう");      # → 아리가도우

# Academic system (linguistic precision)
say to-hangul("がっこう", :system<academic>);  # → 깍코우
say to-hangul("ばっば", :system<academic>);    # → 빱빠

# Phonetic system (preserves Japanese pronunciation)
say to-hangul("ちゃちゅちょ", :system<phonetic>);  # → 치야치유치요
say to-hangul("きょう", :system<phonetic>);        # → 키요우

# Popular system (K-pop/media usage)
say to-hangul("ちゅう", :system<popular>);     # → 추우
say to-hangul("じゃじゅじょ", :system<popular>); # → 쟈쥬죠

Conversion Systems

1. Standard System (Default)

The Standard system provides balanced phonetic conversion suitable for general use. It follows Korean phonological patterns while maintaining reasonable accuracy to Japanese pronunciation.

Characteristics:

Balanced approach between accuracy and Korean phonological naturalness
Standard Korean syllable structure (CV, CVC)
Regular consonant and vowel mappings
Appropriate for educational materials and general reference

Examples:

to-hangul("こんにちは");    # → 곤니치하
to-hangul("しんぶん");     # → 신분
to-hangul("がっこう");     # → 각고우

2. Academic System

The Academic system follows Korean linguistic conventions and academic transliteration standards. It includes special handling for consonant doubling and aspiration.

Characteristics:

Linguistic precision with Korean phonological rules
Advanced sokuon (っ) processing with consonant doubling
Tensed consonants (ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ) for doubled sounds
Aspirated consonants (ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅊ) in specific contexts
Suitable for academic papers and linguistic research

Sokuon Rules:

Previous syllable: Gets tensed initial consonant + final consonant
Next syllable: Gets aspirated consonant (different) or tensed consonant (same)

Examples:

to-hangul("がっこう", :system<academic>);  # → 깍코우 (tensed ㄲ + aspirated ㅋ)
to-hangul("ばっば", :system<academic>);    # → 빱빠 (tensed ㅃ on both syllables)
to-hangul("さっぽろ", :system<academic>);  # → 삽포로

3. Phonetic System

The Phonetic system preserves Japanese pronunciation as closely as possible in Hangul, breaking down complex sounds into component parts.

Characteristics:

Decomposes palatalized sounds (ちゃ → 치야, しゃ → 시야)
Preserves Japanese phonological distinctions
Special mappings for certain sounds (っ → 쯔 when standalone)
Ideal for pronunciation guides and language learning

Examples:

to-hangul("ちゃちゅちょ", :system<phonetic>);  # → 치야치유치요
to-hangul("しゃしゅしょ", :system<phonetic>);  # → 시야시유시요
to-hangul("ちょっと", :system<phonetic>);      # → 치요쯔토
to-hangul("きょう", :system<phonetic>);        # → 키요우

4. Popular System

The Popular system uses conventions common in Korean pop culture, media, and entertainment contexts.

Characteristics:

Optimized for K-pop, anime, and media contexts
Alternative mappings for certain sounds (ちゅ → 추, じゃ → 쟈)
Popular romanization patterns adapted to Hangul
Used in fan communities and entertainment media

Examples:

to-hangul("ちゅう", :system<popular>);         # → 추우
to-hangul("じゃじゅじょ", :system<popular>);   # → 쟈쥬죠
to-hangul("すず", :system<popular>);           # → 수주

Character Support

Basic Kana

All standard Hiragana and Katakana characters are supported:

# Vowels
to-hangul("あいうえお");  # → 아이우에오
to-hangul("アイウエオ");  # → 아이우에오

# Consonant series (K, S, T, N, H, M, Y, R, W)
to-hangul("かきくけこ");  # → 가기구게고
to-hangul("さしすせそ");  # → 사시스세소

Voiced and Semi-voiced Sounds

# Voiced (濁音)
to-hangul("がぎぐげご");  # → 가기구게고
to-hangul("ざじずぜぞ");  # → 자지즈제조
to-hangul("だぢづでど");  # → 다지즈데도
to-hangul("ばびぶべぼ");  # → 바비부베보

# Semi-voiced (半濁音)
to-hangul("ぱぴぷぺぽ");  # → 파피푸페포

Combination Sounds (拗音)

# Y-combinations
to-hangul("きゃきゅきょ");  # → 갸규교
to-hangul("しゃしゅしょ");  # → 샤슈쇼
to-hangul("ちゃちゅちょ");  # → 차츄쵸

# Voiced combinations
to-hangul("ぎゃぎゅぎょ");  # → 갸규교
to-hangul("じゃじゅじょ");  # → 자주조
to-hangul("びゃびゅびょ");  # → 뱌뷰뵤

Modern Extensions

# Foreign sound adaptations
to-hangul("ふぁふぃふぇふぉ");  # → 파피페포
to-hangul("てぃでぃ");         # → 티디
to-hangul("とぅどぅ");         # → 투두
to-hangul("うぃうぇうぉ");     # → 위웨워
to-hangul("ゔぁゔぃゔぇゔぉ"); # → 바비베보

Historical Kana

# Historical characters
to-hangul("ゐゑを");  # → 위웨오
to-hangul("ゔ");      # → 부 (VU sound)

Sokuon (っ/ッ) Processing

The small tsu (っ/ッ) represents consonant doubling and is handled differently by each system:

Standard System

Adds final consonant to previous syllable:

to-hangul("がっこう");  # → 각고우 (ㄱ final + 고)
to-hangul("ちょっと");  # → 촛도 (ㅅ final + 도)

Academic System

Advanced doubling with tensed and aspirated consonants:

to-hangul("がっこう", :system<academic>);  # → 깍코우
# が → 깍 (tensed ㄲ + final ㄱ)
# こ → 코 (aspirated ㅋ)

to-hangul("ばっば", :system<academic>);    # → 빱빠
# ば → 빱 (tensed ㅃ + final ㅂ)  
# ば → 빠 (tensed ㅃ - same consonant)

Phonetic System

Processes after kana conversion, preserves pronunciation:

to-hangul("ちょっと", :system<phonetic>);  # → 치요쯔토
# っ treated as つ equivalent (쯔) in context

Popular System

Simplified processing for media contexts:

to-hangul("ちょっと", :system<popular>);   # → 초토

Korean Syllable Structure

The module uses proper Korean syllable structure with three components:

Initial Consonant (초성): 19 consonants including tensed and aspirated variants
Medial Vowel (중성): 21 vowel combinations
Final Consonant (종성): 28 possible endings including compound consonants

Consonant Mappings

Basic Consonants:

ㄱ (g/k), ㄴ (n), ㄷ (d/t), ㄹ (r/l), ㅁ (m), ㅂ (b/p), ㅅ (s), ㅇ (ng/silent), ㅈ (j), ㅊ (ch), ㅋ (k), ㅌ (t), ㅍ (p), ㅎ (h)

Tensed Consonants (Academic system):

ㄲ (kk), ㄸ (tt), ㅃ (pp), ㅆ (ss), ㅉ (jj)

Aspirated Consonants (Academic system):

ㅋ (kh), ㅌ (th), ㅍ (ph), ㅊ (chh)

Vowel Mappings

Simple Vowels:

ㅏ (a), ㅓ (eo), ㅗ (o), ㅜ (u), ㅡ (eu), ㅣ (i), ㅐ (ae), ㅔ (e)

Complex Vowels:

ㅑ (ya), ㅕ (yeo), ㅛ (yo), ㅠ (yu), ㅒ (yae), ㅖ (ye)
ㅘ (wa), ㅙ (wae), ㅚ (oe), ㅝ (wo), ㅞ (we), ㅟ (wi), ㅢ (ui)

System Aliases

Multiple aliases are supported for convenience:

# Standard system
to-hangul("text", :system<standard>);
to-hangul("text", :system<default>);

# Academic system  
to-hangul("text", :system<academic>);
to-hangul("text", :system<scholarly>);

# Phonetic system
to-hangul("text", :system<phonetic>);
to-hangul("text", :system<literal>);

# Popular system
to-hangul("text", :system<popular>);
to-hangul("text", :system<media>);
to-hangul("text", :system<kpop>);

Advanced Features

Mixed Text Handling

Non-kana characters are passed through unchanged:

to-hangul("Hello こんにちは World");  # → Hello 곤니치하 World
to-hangul("123 あいう ABC");         # → 123 아이우 ABC

Half-width Katakana Support

Half-width katakana is automatically converted to full-width before processing:

to-hangul("ｶﾀｶﾅ");  # → 가다가나
to-hangul("ｱｲｳｴｵ"); # → 아이우에오

Long Vowel Processing

Long vowels are handled according to Korean phonological patterns:

to-hangul("とうきょう");  # → 도우교우
to-hangul("おおきい");   # → 오오기이
to-hangul("ー");         # → (long vowel mark removed)

Technical Implementation

Unicode Ranges

Korean Syllables: U+AC00 to U+D7A3 (가 to 힣)
Korean Jamo: U+1100 to U+11FF (individual consonants/vowels)
Japanese Hiragana: U+3040 to U+309F
Japanese Katakana: U+30A0 to U+30FF

Syllable Composition Algorithm

The module uses mathematical composition of Korean syllables:

syllable_code = 0xAC00 + (initial_index × 21 × 28) + (medial_index × 28) + final_index

Performance Considerations

Efficient pattern matching with longest-first sorting
Unicode-compliant syllable decomposition and composition
Optimized regex patterns for sokuon processing

Linguistic Background

Korean Phonological Constraints

Korean has specific phonotactic rules that influence the conversion:

Syllable Structure: Korean prefers (C)V(C) structure
Consonant Clusters: Limited consonant clusters in final position
Vowel Harmony: Considered in academic system
Tensing Rules: Applied in academic system for accuracy

Japanese-Korean Phonological Mapping

Historical linguistic relationships inform the conversion patterns:

Shared Chinese Character Readings: Common Sino-Korean/Sino-Japanese patterns
Phonological Correspondences: Systematic sound relationships
Modern Adaptations: Contemporary borrowing patterns

Use Cases

Educational Applications

Japanese language learning materials for Korean speakers
Comparative linguistics studies
Pronunciation guides and dictionaries

Media and Entertainment

K-pop artist name romanization
Anime/manga title adaptation
Fan community translations

Academic Research

Linguistic analysis and comparison
Historical phonology studies
Cross-cultural communication research

Technical Applications

Search and indexing systems
Database normalization
Cross-script information retrieval

Limitations

Context Sensitivity: Some conversions may require contextual knowledge
Semantic Ambiguity: Pure phonetic conversion without semantic consideration
Dialectal Variations: Based on standard Japanese pronunciation
Kanji Handling: Does not process Chinese characters (Kanji)

Error Handling

The module gracefully handles various input conditions:

Invalid Unicode characters are passed through unchanged
Unknown kana characters are preserved
Empty strings return empty results
Mixed scripts are processed selectively

Contributing

Contributions are welcome. Please visit the project repository at:https://github.com/slavenskoj/raku-lang-ja-kana

We apologize for any errors and welcome suggestions for improvements.

References

Academic Sources

Korean Language Society (국립국어원) romanization guidelines
Japanese-Korean linguistic correspondence studies
Unicode Consortium Korean block specifications

Standards

ISO 11941 (Korean script romanization)
Unicode Standard Korean syllable block
Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) kana specifications

License

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the Artistic License 2.0.

Author

Danslav Slavenskoj

For more information about the complete Lang::JA::Kana module suite, see the main README.md file.

Lang::JA::Kana::Hangul - Japanese Kana to Korean Hangul Conversion

Overview

Features

Installation

Basic Usage

Conversion Systems

1. Standard System (Default)

2. Academic System

3. Phonetic System

4. Popular System

Character Support

Basic Kana

Voiced and Semi-voiced Sounds

Combination Sounds (拗音)

Modern Extensions

Historical Kana

Sokuon (っ/ッ) Processing

Standard System

Academic System

Phonetic System

Popular System

Korean Syllable Structure

Consonant Mappings

Vowel Mappings

System Aliases

Advanced Features

Mixed Text Handling

Half-width Katakana Support

Long Vowel Processing

Technical Implementation

Unicode Ranges

Syllable Composition Algorithm

Performance Considerations

Linguistic Background

Korean Phonological Constraints

Japanese-Korean Phonological Mapping

Use Cases

Educational Applications

Media and Entertainment

Academic Research

Technical Applications

Limitations

Error Handling

Contributing

References

Academic Sources

Standards

License

Author

Lang::JA::Kana v1.2.1

Authors

License

Dependencies

Test Dependencies

Provides

Documentation