Color

Format conversion, manipulation, and math operations on colors

NAME

Color - Format conversion, manipulation, and math operations on colors

SYNOPSIS

use Color;

my $white        = Color.new(255, 255, 255);
my $almost_black = Color.new('#111');
say Color.new(:hsv<152 80 50>).hex; # convert HSV to HEX
say "$white is way lighter than $almost_black";

my $lighter_pink = Color.new('#ED60A2').lighten(20);
my $lighter_pink = Color.new('#ED60A2') ◐ 20; # same as above

my $saturated_pink = Color.new('#ED60A2').saturate(20);
my $saturated_pink = Color.new('#ED60A2') 🞉 20; # same as above

# Create an inverted colour scheme:
$_ = .invert for @colours_in_my_colourscheme;

use Color::Operators; # this gives us some ops to use on Color objects
my $gray = $white / 2;
say $gray.hex; # prints "#808080"
say $almost_black + 25; # prints "42, 42, 42"

DESCRIPTION

This module allows you to perform mathematical operations on RGB color tuples, as well as convert them into other color formats, like hex, and manipulate them by, for example, making them lighter, darker, or more or less saturated.

OPERATORS

use Color;
use Color::Operators;

Note: as of this writing (Nov 17, 2015), merely importing the operators made Rakudo compile 20 seconds slower, hence the operators are in a separate module that you'll need to import.

CONSTRUCTOR

`new`

my $rgb = Color.new('abc');
Color.new('#abc');
Color.new('face');
Color.new('#face');
Color.new('abcdef');
Color.new('#abcdef');
Color.new('abcdefaa');
Color.new('#abcdefaa');
Color.new(:hex<abc>); # same applies to all other hex variants
Color.new( 255, 100, 25 ); # RGB
Color.new( .5, .1, .3, .4 ); # CMYK
Color.new( rgb => [ 255, 100, 25 ] );
Color.new(:rgb<255 100 25>); # same works on other formats
Color.new( rgbd => [.086, .165, .282] ); # decimal RGB
Color.new( rgba => [ 22, 42, 72, 88 ] );
Color.new( rgbad => [ .086, .165, .282, .345 ] );
Color.new( cmyk => [.55, .25, .85, .12] );
Color.new( hsl => [ 72, 78, 65] );
Color.new( hsla => [ 72, 78, 65, 42] );
Color.new( hsv => [ 90, 60, 70] );
Color.new( hsva => [ 90, 60, 70, 88] );

Creates new Color object. All of the above formats are supported. Note: internally, the color will be converted to RGBA, which might incur slight precision loss when converting from other formats.

ATTRIBUTES

`alpha-math`

my $c = Color.new('abc');
$c.alpha-math = True;

my $c = Color.new('abca');
$c.alpha-math = False;

Boolean. Specifies whether operator math from Color::Operators should affect the alpha channel. Colors constructed from RGBA automatically get this attribute set to True, rest of formats have it set as False.

MANIPULATION METHODS

`alpha`

my Color $c .= new('#ff0088');
say $c.alpha;                   # OUTPUT: 255
$c.alpha(128);
say $c.alpha-math;              # OUTPUT: True

Get or set the alpha channel value.

`darken`

say $c.darken(10).cmyk; # darken by 10%

Creates a new Color object that is darkened by the percentage given as the argument.

`desaturate`

say $c.desaturate(20).cmyk;

Creates a new Color object that is desaturated by the percentage given as the argument.

`invert`

say $c.invert.cmyk;

Creates a new Color object that is inverted (black becomes white, etc).

`lighten`

say $c.lighten(10).cmyk; # lighten by 10%

Creates a new Color object that is lightened by the percentage given as the argument.

`saturate`

say $c.saturate(20).cmyk;

Creates a new Color object that is saturated by the percentage given as the argument.

`rotate`

$inverse = $c.rotate( 180 );

Creates a new Color object, rotated around the HSL color wheel by the angle $α (in degrees).

For all methods darken, desaturate, invert, lighten, saturate and rotate the colors will have their alpha channel copied from the input color. The attribute alpha-math is copied as well.

CONVERSION METHODS

`to-string`

$c.to-string('cmyk'); #   cmyk(0.954955, 0.153153, 0, 0.129412)
$c.to-string('hsl');  #   hsl(189.622642, 91.379310, 45.490196)
$c.to-string('hsla'); #   hsl(189.622642, 91.379310, 45.490196, 255)
$c.to-string('hsv');  #   hsv(189.622642, 95.495495, 87.058824)
$c.to-string('hsva'); #   hsva(189.622642, 95.495495, 87.058824, 255)
$c.to-string('rgb');  #   rgb(10, 188, 222)
$c.to-string('rgba'); #   rgba(10, 188, 222, 255)
$c.to-string('rgbd'); #   rgb(0.039216, 0.737255, 0.870588)
$c.to-string('rgbad');#   rgba(0.039216, 0.737255, 0.870588, 1)
$c.to-string('hex');  #   #0ABCDE
$c.to-string('hex3'); #   #1CE
$c.to-string('hex8'); #   #0ABCDEFF

Converts the color to the format given by the argument and returns a string representation of it. See above for the format of the string for each color format.

Note: the .gist and .Str methods of the Color object are equivalent to .to-string('hex').

`cmyk`

say $c.cmyk; # (<106/111>, <17/111>, 0.0, <11/85>)

Converts the color to CMYK format and returns a list containing each color (ranging 0..1).

`hex`

say $c.hex; #  (0A BC DE);

Returns a list of 3 2-digit hex numbers representing the color.

`hex3`

say $c.hex3; #  (1 C E);

Returns a list of 3 1-digit hex numbers representing the color. They will be rounded and they need to be doubled (i.e. the above would be 11CCEE) to get the actual value.

`hex4`

say $c.hex4; #  (1 C E F);

Returns a list of 4 1-digit hex numbers representing the color. They will be rounded and they need to be doubled (i.e. the above would be 11CCEEFF) to get the actual value.

`hex8`

say $c.hex8; #  (0A BC DE FF);

Returns a list of 4 2-digit hex numbers representing the color, including the Alpha space.

`hsl`

say $c.hsl; # (<10050/53>, <10600/111>, <1480/17>),

Converts the colour to HSL format and returns the three values (hue, saturation, lightness). The S/L are returned as percentages, not decimals, so 50% saturation is returned as 50, not .5.

`hsla`

say $c.hsla; # (<10050/53>, <10600/111>, <1480/17>, 255),

Converts the color to HSL format and returns the three values, and alpha channel.

`hsv`

say $c.hsv; # (<10050/53>, <10600/111>, <1480/17>),

Converts the colour to HSV format and returns the three values (hue, saturation, value). The S/V are returned as percentages, not decimals, so 50% saturation is returned as 50, not .5.

`hsva`

say $c.hsva; # (<10050/53>, <10600/111>, <1480/17>, 255),

Converts the color to HSV format and returns the three values, and alpha channel.

`rgb`

say $c.rgb; # (10, 188, 222)

Converts the color to RGB format and returns a list of the three colors.

`rgba`

say $c.rgba; # (10, 188, 222, 255);

Converts the color to RGBA format and returns a list of the three colors, and alpha channel.

`rgbd`

say $c.rgbd; # (<2/51>, <188/255>, <74/85>)

Converts the color to RGB format ranging 0..1 and returns a list of the three colours.

`rgbad`

say $c.rgbad; # (<2/51>, <188/255>, <74/85>, 1.0)

Converts the color to RGBA format ranging 0..1 and returns a list of the three colours, and alpha channel.

CUSTOM OPERATORS

To get these, you need to use Color::Operators along with use Color.

`+`

Color.new('424') + 10;
10 + Color.new('424');
Color.new('424') + Color.new('424');

Add individual RGB values of each color. Plain numbers are added to each value. If /alpha-math is turned on, alpha channel is affected as well. The operation returns a new Color object.

`-`

Color.new('424') - 10;
10 - Color.new('424');
Color.new('424') - Color.new('666');

Subtract individual RGB values of each color. Plain numbers are subtracted from each value. If /alpha-math is turned on, alpha channel is affected as well. The operation returns a new Color object.

`*`

Color.new('424') * 10;
10 * Color.new('424');
Color.new('424') * Color.new('424');

Multiply individual RGB values of each color. Plain numbers are multiplied with each value. If /alpha-math is turned on, alpha channel is affected as well. The operation returns a new Color object.

`/`

Color.new('424') / 10;
Color.new('424') / 0; # doesn't die; sets values to 0
10 / Color.new('424');
Color.new('424') / Color.new('424');

Divide individual RGB values of each color. Plain numbers are divided with each value. If /alpha-math is turned on, alpha channel is affected as well. The operation returns a new Color object. Illegal operation of division by zero, doesn't die and simply sets the value to 0.

`◐`

say $c ◐ 20; # lighten by 20%

U+25D0 (e2 97 90): CIRCLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK [◐]. Same as /lighten

`◑`

say $c ◑ 20; # darken by 20%

U+25D1 (e2 97 91): CIRCLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK [◑]. Same as /darken

`🞉`

say $c 🞉 20; # saturate by 20%

U+1F789 (f0 9f 9e 89): EXTREMELY HEAVY WHITE CIRCLE [🞉]. Same as /desaturate

`¡`

say $c¡; # invert colour

U+00A1 (c2 a1): INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK [¡]. Same as /invert

STRINGIFICATION

say $c;
say "$c";

The Color object overrides .Str and .gist methods to be equivalent to .to-string('hex').

Functional interface

The color conversion, manipulation and utility functions are defined within the modules Color::Conversion, Color::Manipulation and Color::Utilities and can be used without the OO interface. The names of functions are the same as those of methods.

AUTHOR

Zoffix Znet

Source can be located at: https://github.com/raku-community-modules/Color . Comments and Pull Requests are welcome.

CONTRIBUTORS

Thanks to timotimo++, jnthn++, psch++, RabidGravy++, ab5tract++, moritz++, holli++, and anyone else who I forgot who helped me with questions on IRC.

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the Artistic License 2.0.

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPERATORS

CONSTRUCTOR

new

ATTRIBUTES

alpha-math

MANIPULATION METHODS

alpha

darken

desaturate

invert

lighten

saturate

rotate

CONVERSION METHODS

to-string

cmyk

hex

hex3

hex4

hex8

hsl

hsla

hsv

hsva

rgb

rgba

rgbd

rgbad