head

Image

code

root

para

L<Examples| file:../examples/index.podlite>


L<Download |file:../download/index.podlite>


React

=begin React :component<HeaderCol> :id<menu> 
=para L<Documentation|/doc/introduction>
=para L<Modules| /mods>
=para L<Examples| file:../examples/index.podlite>
=para L<Download |file:../download/index.podlite>
=para L<About|file:../about/index.podlite>
=para 🔍 K<⌘K>/K<ctrl-K>
=end React


HEADER

FOOTER

README

Chemistry::Elements - do things with the Periodic Table


=begin code

use Chemistry::Elements;

put "Name for 37 is ", get_name_by_Z( 37 );
put "Name for Rb is ", get_name_by_symbol( 'Rb' );

put "Symbol for 37 is ", get_symbol_by_Z( 37 );
put "Symbol for Rubidium is ", get_symbol_by_name( 'Rubidium' );
put "Symbol for Rubidium is ", get_symbol_by_name( 'Rubidium',  );

put "Atomic number for Rb is ", get_Z_by_symbol( 'Rb' );
put "Atomic number for Rubidium", get_Z_by_name( 'Rubidium' );

# use a German name
put "Atomic number for Rubidium is ", get_symbol_by_name( 'Schwefel', 'de'  );

# Use some types

my ZInt $Z    = 37; # works
my ZInt $BigZ = 138; # nope, because that's not on the chart (yet)
my $minimum = min_Z(); # Always 1, unless something big changes
my $maximum = max_Z(); # More

my ChemicalSymbol $symbol       = 'Rb'; # okay
my ChemicalSymbol $other_symbol = 'X9'; # not okay, not a known symbol

=end code


The Perl version of C<Chemistry::Elements> was my first module, so
I'm making it my first Raku module too. It's not complicated.


The module maps between element names (_e.g._ Rubidium), symbol
(_e.g._ Ru ), and number (_e.g._ 37). It's multi-language aware
although the language switching isn't sophisticated yet.



# names has Pig Latin, English, UK English, German, Russian (so far)
# there are many more files in lib/Chemistry/Languages and we should
# use those to build these data structures.
my constant @language_column = (
    'pigLatin',
    < en en_US default>,
    'en_UK',
    'de',
    'ru',
    )
  ==> map( { state $n = -1; $n++; slip(.flat Z=> (item $n) xx *)  } )
  ==> my %language_column;

my constant %names =
  1 => [ < Ydrogenhai      Hydrogen      Hydrogen      Wasserstoff   Водород > ],
  2 => [ < Eliumhai        Helium        Helium        Helium        Гелий > ],
  3 => [ < Ithiumlai       Lithium       Lithium       Lithium       Литий > ],
  4 => [ < Erylliumbai     Beryllium     Beryllium     Beryllium     Бериллий > ],
  5 => [ < Oronbai         Boron         Boron         Bor           Бор > ],
  6 => [ < Arboncai        Carbon        Carbon        Kohlenstoff   Углерод > ],
  7 => [ < Itrogennai      Nitrogen      Nitrogen      Stickstoff    Азот > ],
  8 => [ < Xygenoai        Oxygen        Oxygen        Sauerstoff    Кислород > ],
  9 => [ < Luorinefai      Fluorine      Fluorine      Fluor         Фтор > ],
 10 => [ < Eonnai          Neon          Neon          Neon          Неон > ],
 11 => [ < Odiumsai        Sodium        Sodium        Natrium       Натрий > ],
 12 => [ < Agnesiummai     Magnesium     Magnesium     Magnesium     Магний > ],
 13 => [ < Luminiumaai     Aluminium     Aluminium     Aluminium     Алюминий > ],
 14 => [ < Iliconsai       Silicon       Silicon       Silizium      Кремний > ],
 15 => [ < Hosphoruspai    Phosphorus    Phosphorus    Phosphor      Фосфор > ],
 16 => [ < Ulfursai        Sulfur        Sulphur       Schwefel      Сера > ],
 17 => [ < Hlorinecai      Chlorine      Chlorine      Chlor         Хлор > ],
 18 => [ < Rgonaai         Argon         Argon         Argon         Аргон > ],
 19 => [ < Otassiumpai     Potassium     Potassium     Kalium        Калий > ],
 20 => [ < Alciumcai       Calcium       Calcium       Calcium       Кальций > ],
 21 => [ < Candiumsai      Scandium      Scandium      Scandium      Скандий > ],
 22 => [ < Itaniumtai      Titanium      Titanium      Titan         Титан > ],
 23 => [ < Anadiumvai      Vanadium      Vanadium      Vanadium      Ванадий > ],
 24 => [ < Hromiumcai      Chromium      Chromium      Chrom         Хром > ],
 25 => [ < Anganesemai     Manganese     Manganese     Mangan        Марганец > ],
 26 => [ < Roniai          Iron          Iron          Eisen         Железо > ],
 27 => [ < Obaltcai        Cobalt        Cobalt        Cobalt        Кобальт > ],
 28 => [ < Ickelnai        Nickel        Nickel        Nickel        Никель > ],
 29 => [ < Oppercai        Copper        Copper        Kupfer        Медь > ],
 30 => [ < Inczai          Zinc          Zinc          Zink          Цинк > ],
 31 => [ < Alliumgai       Gallium       Gallium       Gallium       Галлий > ],
 32 => [ < Ermaniumgai     Germanium     Germanium     Germanium     Германий > ],
 33 => [ < Rsenicaai       Arsenic       Arsenic       Arsen         Мышьяк > ],
 34 => [ < Eleniumsai      Selenium      Selenium      Selen         Селен > ],
 35 => [ < Rominebai       Bromine       Bromine       Brom          Бром > ],
 36 => [ < Ryptonkai       Krypton       Krypton       Krypton       Криптон > ],
 37 => [ < Ubidiumrai      Rubidium      Rubidium      Rubidium      Рубидий > ],
 38 => [ < Trontiumsai     Strontium     Strontium     Strontium     Стронций > ],
 39 => [ < Ttriumyai       Yttrium       Yttrium       Yttrium       Иттрий > ],
 40 => [ < Irconiumzai     Zirconium     Zirconium     Zirconium     Цирконий > ],
 41 => [ < Iobiumnai       Niobium       Niobium       Niob          Ниобий > ],
 42 => [ < Olybdenummai    Molybdenum    Molybdenum    Molybdän      Молибден > ],
 43 => [ < Echnetiumtai    Technetium    Technetium    Technetium    Технеций > ],
 44 => [ < Utheniumrai     Ruthenium     Ruthenium     Ruthenium     Рутений > ],
 45 => [ < Hodiumrai       Rhodium       Rhodium       Rhodium       Родий > ],
 46 => [ < Alladiumpai     Palladium     Palladium     Palladium     Палладий > ],
 47 => [ < Ilversai        Silver        Silver        Silber        Серебро > ],
 48 => [ < Admiumcai       Cadmium       Cadmium       Cadmium       Кадмий > ],
 49 => [ < Ndiumiai        Indium        Indium        Indium        Индий > ],
 50 => [ < Intai           Tin           Tin           Zinn          Олово > ],
 51 => [ < Ntimonyaai      Antimony      Antimony      Antimon       Сурьма > ],
 52 => [ < Elluriumtai     Tellurium     Tellurium     Tellur        Теллур > ],
 53 => [ < Odineiai        Iodine        Iodine        Iod           Иод > ],
 54 => [ < Enonxai         Xenon         Xenon         Xenon         Ксенон > ],
 55 => [ < Esiumcai        Cesium        Caesium       Cäsium        Цезий > ],
 56 => [ < Ariumbai        Barium        Barium        Barium        Барий > ],
 57 => [ < Anthanumlai     Lanthanum     Lanthanum     Lanthan       Лантан > ],
 58 => [ < Eriumcai        Cerium        Cerium        Cer           Церий > ],
 59 => [ < Raesodymiumpai  Praseodymium  Praseodymium  Praseodym     Празеодим > ],
 60 => [ < Eodymiumnai     Neodymium     Neodymium     Neodym        Неодим > ],
 61 => [ < Romethiumpai    Promethium    Promethium    Promethium    Прометий > ],
 62 => [ < Amariumsai      Samarium      Samarium      Samarium      Самарий > ],
 63 => [ < Uropiumeai      Europium      Europium      Europium      Европий > ],
 64 => [ < Adoliniumgai    Gadolinium    Gadolinium    Gadolinium    Гадолиний > ],
 65 => [ < Erbiumtai       Terbium       Terbium       Terbium       Тербий > ],
 66 => [ < Ysprosiumdai    Dysprosium    Dysprosium    Dysprosium    Диспрозий > ],
 67 => [ < Olmiumhai       Holmium       Holmium       Holmium       Гольмий > ],
 68 => [ < Rbiumeai        Erbium        Erbium        Erbium        Эрбий > ],
 69 => [ < Huliumtai       Thulium       Thulium       Thulium       Тулий > ],
 70 => [ < Tterbiumyai     Ytterbium     Ytterbium     Ytterbium     Иттербий > ],
 71 => [ < Utetiumlai      Lutetium      Lutetium      Lutetium      Лютеций > ],
 72 => [ < Afniumhai       Hafnium       Hafnium       Hafnium       Гафний > ],
 73 => [ < Antalumtai      Tantalum      Tantalum      Tantal        Тантал > ],
 74 => [ < Ungstentai      Tungsten      Tungsten      Wolfram       Вольфрам > ],
 75 => [ < Heniumrai       Rhenium       Rhenium       Rhenium       Рений > ],
 76 => [ < Smiumoai        Osmium        Osmium        Osmium        Осмий > ],
 77 => [ < Ridiumiai       Iridium       Iridium       Iridium       Иридий > ],
 78 => [ < Latinumpai      Platinum      Platinum      Platin        Платина > ],
 79 => [ < Oldgai          Gold          Gold          Gold          Золото > ],
 80 => [ < Ercurymai       Mercury       Mercury       Quecksilber   Ртуть > ],
 81 => [ < Halliumtai      Thallium      Thallium      Thallium      Таллий > ],
 82 => [ < Eadlai          Lead          Lead          Blei          Свинец > ],
 83 => [ < Ismuthbai       Bismuth       Bismuth       Bismut        Висмут > ],
 84 => [ < Oloniumpai      Polonium      Polonium      Polonium      Полоний > ],
 85 => [ < Statineaai      Astatine      Astatine      Astat         Астат > ],
 86 => [ < Adonrai         Radon         Radon         Radon         Радон > ],
 87 => [ < Ranciumfai      Francium      Francium      Francium      Франций > ],
 88 => [ < Adiumrai        Radium        Radium        Radium        Радий > ],
 89 => [ < Ctiniumaai      Actinium      Actinium      Actinium      Актиний > ],
 90 => [ < Horiumtai       Thorium       Thorium       Thorium       Торий > ],
 91 => [ < Rotactiniumpai  Protactinium  Protactinium  Protactinium  Протактиний > ],
 92 => [ < Raniumuai       Uranium       Uranium       Uran          Уран > ],
 93 => [ < Eptuniumnai     Neptunium     Neptunium     Neptunium     Нептуний > ],
 94 => [ < Lutoniumpai     Plutonium     Plutonium     Plutonium     Плутоний > ],
 95 => [ < Mericiumaai     Americium     Americium     Americium     Америций > ],
 96 => [ < Uriumcai        Curium        Curium        Curium        Кюрий > ],
 97 => [ < Erkeliumbai     Berkelium     Berkelium     Berkelium     Берклий > ],
 98 => [ < Aliforniumcai   Californium   Californium   Californium   Калифорний > ],
 99 => [ < Insteiniumeai   Einsteinium   Einsteinium   Einsteinium   Эйнштейний > ],
100 => [ < Ermiumfai       Fermium       Fermium       Fermium       Фермий > ],
101 => [ < Endeleviummai   Mendelevium   Mendelevium   Mendelevium   Менделевий > ],
102 => [ < Obeliumnai      Nobelium      Nobelium      Nobelium      Нобелий > ],
103 => [ < Awerenciumlai   Lawrencium    Lawrencium    Lawrencium    Лоуренсий > ],
104 => [ < Utherfordiumrai Rutherfordium Rutherfordium Rutherfordium Курчатовий > ],
105 => [ < Ubniumdai       Dubnium       Dubnium       Dubnium       Нильсборий > ],
106 => [ < Eaborgiumsai    Seaborgium    Seaborgium    Seaborgium    Сиборгий > ],
107 => [ < Ohriumbai       Bohrium       Bohrium       Bohrium       Борий > ],
108 => [ < Assiumhai       Hassium       Hassium       Hassium       Хассий > ],
109 => [ < Eitneriummai    Meitnerium    Meitnerium    Meitnerium    Майтнерий > ],
110 => [ < Armstadtiumdai  Darmstadtium  Darmstadtium  Darmstadtium  Дармштадтий > ],
111 => [ < Oentgeniumrai   Roentgenium   Roentgenium   Roentgenium   Рентгений > ],
112 => [ < Operniciumcai   Copernicium   Copernicium   Copernicium   Коперниций > ],
113 => [ < Ihoniumnai      Nihonium      Nihonium      Nihonium      Нихоний > ],
114 => [ < Leroviumfai     Flerovium     Flerovium     Flerovium     Флеровий > ],
115 => [ < Oscoviummai     Moscovium     Moscovium     Moscovium     Московий > ],
116 => [ < Ivermoriumlai   Livermorium   Livermorium   Livermorium   Ливерморий > ],
117 => [ < Ennessinetai    Tennessine    Tennessine    Tennessine    Теннессин > ],
118 => [ < Ganessonoai     Oganesson     Oganesson     Oganesson     Оганесон > ],
;

#| Do various things with chemical elements. Convert between symbols,
#| names, and atomic numbers.
class Chemistry::Elements:auth<zef:raku-community-modules>:ver<0.2> {

# https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=126763
# http://stackoverflow.com/q/40097868/2766176
#| A Str that is one of the known chemical symbols
    subset ZInt of Cool is export where {
        state ( $min, $max ) = %names.keys.sort( { $^a <=> $^b } ).[0,*-1];
        ( $_.truncate == $_ and $min <= $_ <= $max )
            or
        note "Expected a known atomic number between $min and $max, but got $_"
            and
        False;
    }

#| Return the maximum recognized atomic number (as a ZInt type).
    method max_Z (--> ZInt) {
        state $max = %names.keys.sort( { $^b <=> $^a } ).[0];
        $max;
    }

#| Return the minimum recognized atomic number. This is always be 1 (as a ZInt type).
    method min_Z (--> ZInt) {
        state $min = %names.keys.sort( { $^a <=> $^b } ).[0];
        $min;
    }

    my constant @elements = <
    H                                                                                            He
    Li Be                                                                          B  C  N  O  F Ne
    Na Mg                                                                         Al Si  P  S Cl Ar
    K  Ca                                           Sc Ti  V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
    Rb Sr                                            Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te  I Xe
    Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W  Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
    Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U  Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Ha Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
    >
      ==> map( { state $n = 0; $n++; $_.Str => item $n } )
      ==> my %symbol_to_name;

# I could perhaps use Z=> above
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/39307797/can-i-return-multiple-pairs-from-a-map-feeding-into-a-hash
#| A Str that is one of the known chemical symbols
    subset ChemicalSymbol of Str is export where {
        %symbol_to_name{$_}:exists
            or
        note "Expected a defined ChemicalSymbol (Chemistry::Elements)." ~ " Got $_"
            and
        False;
    }

# In the following functions $lang is used to declare the language for
# the query/result.  The lang_str_to_int method converts the language
# string to the language index.
    method lang_str_to_column (Str:D $lang --> Int:D) {
        do given $lang {
            when %language_column{$lang}:exists { %language_column{$lang} }
            default                             { %language_column{'en'}  }
        }
    }

#| Return the element name by the atomic number. You can pass an untyped
#| number or a ZInt
    method get_name_by_Z (ZInt(Cool) $Z, Str:D $lang = "default" --> Str:D) {
        %names{$Z}[self.lang_str_to_column($lang)];
    }

#|Return the element name (as a Str) by the ChemicalSymbol. You can
#| provide a second argument to choose the language.
    method get_name_by_symbol (
      ChemicalSymbol $symbol, Str:D $lang = "default" --> Str:D
    ) {
        self.get_name_by_Z( self.get_Z_by_symbol( $symbol ), $lang );
    }

#| Return the chemical symbol (as a ChemicalSymbol type) by
#| the atomic number.
    method get_symbol_by_Z (ZInt(Cool) $Z --> ChemicalSymbol) {
        @elements[$Z - 1].Str;
    }

#| Return the chemical symbol (as a ChemicalSymbol object) by
#| the element name.
    method get_symbol_by_name (Str:D $name --> ChemicalSymbol) {
        self.get_symbol_by_Z( self.get_Z_by_name( $name ) );
    }

#| Return the atomic number (as a ZInt type) by the ChemicalSymbol.
    method get_Z_by_symbol (ChemicalSymbol $symbol --> ZInt) {
        %symbol_to_name{$symbol}:exists
          ?? %symbol_to_name{$symbol}
          !! die;
    }

#| Return the atomic number (as a ZInt type) by the element name.
    method get_Z_by_name (Str:D $name, Str:D $lang = "default" --> ZInt) {
        die "get_Z_by_name not yet implemented";
    }
}



item

https://github.com/raku-community-modules/Chemistry-Elements


This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the Artistic License 2.0.


Elements

CheckSocket - test if a socket is listening


=begin code

     use Test;
     use CheckSocket;

     if not check-socket(80, "localhost") {
        skip-all "no web server";
        exit;
     }

     ...

=end code


This exports a single function that returns a C<Bool> to indicate whether
something is listening on the specified TCP port or UNIX domain socket:


multi sub check-socket(Int $port, Str $host = "localhost" --> Bool )
multi sub check-socket(Str $socket-path --> Bool )


This attempts to connect to the socket specified by $port and $host ( or $socket-path,) and
if succesfull will return C<True> otherwise it will catch any exception
caused by the attempt and return C<False>.   It makes no attempt to
report any reason for the failure so means it is probably not useful
for network diagnosis, it's primary intent is for tests to be able to
determine whether a particular network service is present to test against.


multi sub wait-socket( Int $port, Str $host = "localhost", Int $wait = 1, Int $tries = 3 --> Bool )
multi sub wait-socket( Str $socket-path, Int $wait = 1, Int $tries = 3 --> Bool )


This attempts to connects to the socket specified by $port and $host
(or $socket-path for UNIX domain sockets,) retrying a maximum of $tries
times every $wait second and then returning a Bool to indicate whether
the server is available as C<check-socket>.  This may be useful when you
want to start a server asynchronously in some test code and wait for it
to be ready to use.



module CheckSocket:ver<0.0.8>:auth<github:jonathanstowe>:api<1.0> {
    proto sub check-socket(|c) is export { * }
    multi sub check-socket(Int $port, Str $host = "localhost" --> Bool ) is export {
        my Bool $rc = True;
        try {
            my $msock = IO::Socket::INET.new(:$host, :$port);
            CATCH {
                default {
                    $rc = False;
                }
            }
        }
        $rc;
    }

    multi sub check-socket(Str $socket-path --> Bool ) is export {
        my Bool $rc = True;
        try {
            my $msock = IO::Socket::INET.new(host => $socket-path, port => 0, family => PF_UNIX);
            CATCH {
                default {
                    $rc = False;
                }
            }
        }
        $rc;
    }

    proto sub wait-socket(|c) is export { * }
    multi sub wait-socket( Int $port, Str $host = "localhost", Int $wait = 1, Int $tries = 3 --> Bool ) is export {
        my Int $count = $tries;

        while !check-socket($port, $host ) && $count-- {
            sleep $wait
        }
        check-socket($port, $host);
    }
    multi sub wait-socket( Str $socket-path, Int $wait = 1, Int $tries = 3 --> Bool ) is export {
        my Int $count = $tries;

        while !check-socket($socket-path ) && $count-- {
            sleep $wait
        }
        check-socket($socket-path);
    }
}
# vim: expandtab shiftwidth=4 ft=raku


CheckSocket

The Raku Knowledge Base


=begin React :component<HeaderCol> :id<footer>  
=begin nested :!nested
=item1 B<Language>
    =item2 L<Get started|file:../getting-started/getting-started.podlite>
    =item2 L<Why Raku?|/doc/language/faq#Why-should-I-learn-Raku-What's-so-great-about-it>
    =item2 L<Try Raku|https://glot.io/new/raku>
    =item2 L<Raku cheat sheet|https://github.com/Raku/mu/blob/master/docs/Perl6/Cheatsheet/cheatsheet.txt>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<Raku on Exercism|https://exercism.org/tracks/raku>
    =item2 L<Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raku_(programming_language)>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>

=end nested
=begin nested :!nested

=item1 B<L<Documentation|/doc>>
    =item2 L<Getting started, Migration guides from other languages, & Tutorials | file:../doc/introduction.podlite>
    =item2 L<Language References|file:../doc/reference.podlite>
    =item2 L<Type Reference| file:../doc/types.podlite>
    =item2 L<Miscellaneous| file:../doc/miscellaneous.podlite>
    =item2 L<FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)|/doc/language/faq>
    =item2 L<Community|/doc/language/community>
    =item2 L<The list of all documents|file:../doc/index.podlite>

=item1 B<Resources>
    =item2 L<The Raku Guide|https://raku.guide/>
    =item2 L<Books |https://perl6book.com/>
    =item2 L<Rosetta Code | https://www.raku.org/community/rosettacode>

=end nested
=begin nested :!nested

=item1 B<Resoures>
    =item2 L<Download | file:../download/index.podlite>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>

=item1 B<Learning>
    =item2 L<The Raku Guide|https://raku.guide/>
    =item2 L<Wikibook |https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Raku_Programming>
    =item2 L<Books |https://perl6book.com/>
    =item2 L<Rosetta Code | https://www.raku.org/community/rosettacode>
    =item2 L<Learn Raku in Y minutes|https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/raku/>
    =item2 L<Golfing |https://github.com/AlexDaniel/raku-golf-cheatsheet>
=end nested
=begin nested :!nested

=item1 B<Explore>
    =item2 L<Raku Blog Aggregator|https://planet.raku.org/>
    =item2 L<Rakudo Weekly|https://rakudoweekly.blog/>
    =item2 L<The Weekly Challenge |https://perlweeklychallenge.org/>
    =item2 L<Raku Advent Calendar|https://raku-advent.blog/>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>
    =item2 L<empty|#>

=end nested
=end React


=begin React :component<CookieConsent> :id<CookieConsent> :buttonCaption("Got it!")
=para
This website uses cookies for analytics.
=end React


README

CheckSocket

image i_github_com_jonathanstowe_checksocket_workflows_ci_badge_svg not found

Description

Installation

Support

Licence

CheckSocket v0.0.9

Authors

License

Dependencies

Test Dependencies

Provides

Documentation