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Common role for all exceptions that are triggered by some error
reported by the operating system (failed IO, system calls,
fork, memory allocation).


head

Returns the error as reported by the operating system.


root

Common role for compile-time errors


role X::Comp


IO related error


role X::IO


Pod related error


role X::Pod


Exception thrown by Proc::Async


role X::Proc::Async


Syntax error thrown by the compiler


role X::Syntax


Error related to DateTime or Date


role X::Temporal


Error reported by the operating system


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role X::OS


Error due to indexing outside of an allowed range


General error when something (for example an array index) is out of an allowed
range.


say 42[2];
CATCH { default { put .^name, ': ', .Str } };
# OUTPUT: «X::OutOfRange: Index out of range. Is: 2, should be in 0..0␤»


since scalars generally act as a one-element list.


Verbal description of the thing that was out of range (e.g. C<"array index">,
C<"month">).


Returns the object that was considered out of range (often an integer)


Returns a L<C<Range>|/type/Range> object describing the permissible range for the object
returned from C<.got>.


Returns an additional comment that is included in the error message.


Snapshot of the dynamic call stack


class Backtrace


Single frame of a Backtrace


class Backtrace::Frame


Done control exception


role CX::Done


Emit control exception


role CX::Emit


Last control exception


role CX::Last


Next control exception


role CX::Next


Proceed control exception


role CX::Proceed


Redo control exception


role CX::Redo


Return control exception


role CX::Return


Succeed control exception


role CX::Succeed


Take control exception


role CX::Take


Control exception warning


role CX::Warn


Anomalous event capable of interrupting normal control-flow


class Exception


Delayed exception


class Failure


Error with a custom message


class X::AdHoc


Compilation error due to augmenting an anonymous package


class X::Anon::Augment


Compilation error due to declaring an anonymous multi


class X::Anon::Multi


Exception thrown when trying to assign to something read-only


class X::Assignment::RO


Compilation error due to declaring an attribute outside of a package


class X::Attribute::NoPackage


Compilation error due to declaring an attribute in an ineligible package


class X::Attribute::Package


Compilation error due to not declaring an attribute with the is required trait


class X::Attribute::Required


Compilation error due to an undeclared attribute


class X::Attribute::Undeclared


Compilation error due to augmenting a non-existing type


class X::Augment::NoSuchType


Error due to binding to something that is not a variable or container


class X::Bind


Compilation error due to binding to a natively typed variable


class X::Bind::NativeType


Error due to binding to a slice


class X::Bind::Slice


Error while trying to access a non dynamic variable through CALLER


class X::Caller::NotDynamic


Error due to inappropriate usage of an empty collection


class X::Cannot::Empty


Error due to inappropriate usage of a lazy list


class X::Cannot::Lazy


Error due to calling receive on a closed channel


class X::Channel::ReceiveOnClosed


Error due to calling send on a closed channel


class X::Channel::SendOnClosed


Compilation error due to composing an ineligible type


class X::Composition::NotComposable


Error due to passing positional arguments to a default constructor


class X::Constructor::Positional


Role for control exceptions


role X::Control


Error due to calling a loop control command in an ineligible scope


class X::ControlFlow


Error due to calling return outside a routine


class X::ControlFlow::Return


Error due to using both time zone offset and :timezone


class X::DateTime::TimezoneClash


Compilation error due to a declaration with an ineligible scope


class X::Declaration::Scope


Compilation error due to declaring a multi with an ineligible scope


class X::Declaration::Scope::Multi


Error due to mixing into a type object


class X::Does::TypeObject


Runtime error thrown when a dynamic variable does not exist


class X::Dynamic::NotFound


Error due to specifying an unknown language for EVAL


class X::Eval::NoSuchLang


Compilation error due to exporting the same symbol twice


class X::Export::NameClash


Error due to inheriting from a type that's not composed yet


class X::Inheritance::NotComposed


Compilation error due to inheriting from an ineligible type


class X::Inheritance::Unsupported


Error while invoking methods on a handle in binary mode.


class X::IO::BinaryMode


Error while trying to change the working directory


class X::IO::Chdir


Error while trying to change file permissions


class X::IO::Chmod


Error while trying to change file ownership


class X::IO::Chown


Error while trying to copy a file


class X::IO::Copy


Error while trying to determine the current working directory


class X::IO::Cwd


Error while trying to get a directory's contents


class X::IO::Dir


Error while doing file tests on a non existing path


class X::IO::DoesNotExist


Error while trying to create a link


class X::IO::Link


Error while trying to create a directory


class X::IO::Mkdir


Error while trying to move a file


class X::IO::Move


Error while trying to rename a file or directory


class X::IO::Rename


Error while trying to remove a directory


class X::IO::Rmdir


Error while trying to create a symbolic link


class X::IO::Symlink


Error while trying to remove a file


class X::IO::Unlink


Error due to calling a qualified method from an ineligible class


class X::Method::InvalidQualifier


Error due to calling a method that isn't there


class X::Method::NotFound


Compilation error due to calling a private method without permission


class X::Method::Private::Permission


Compilation error due to an unqualified private method call


class X::Method::Private::Unqualified


Error due to using an ineligible type as a mixin


class X::Mixin::NotComposable


Error due to calling a dispatch command in an ineligible scope


class X::NoDispatcher


Error while trying to coerce a number to another type


class X::Numeric::CannotConvert


Error while trying to divide by zero


class X::Numeric::DivideByZero


Error while trying to coerce a number to a Real type


class X::Numeric::Real


Error due to use of an unimplemented feature


class X::NYI


Compilation error due to use of obsolete syntax


class X::Obsolete


Compilation error due to a stubbed package that is never defined


class X::Package::Stubbed


Compilation error due to an unallowed default value in a signature


class X::Parameter::Default


Compilation error due to a parameter with multiple type constraints


class X::Parameter::MultipleTypeConstraints


Compilation error due to an unallowed placeholder in a signature


class X::Parameter::Placeholder


Compilation error due to an unallowed twigil in a signature


class X::Parameter::Twigil


Compilation error due to passing parameters in the wrong order


class X::Parameter::WrongOrder


Compilation error due to multiple phasers of the same type


class X::Phaser::Multiple


Error due to a false return value of a PRE/POST phaser


class X::Phaser::PrePost


Compilation error due to a placeholder in an ineligible block


class X::Placeholder::Block


Compilation error due to a placeholder in the mainline


class X::Placeholder::Mainline


Error due to calling start on an already started Proc::Async object


class X::Proc::Async::AlreadyStarted


Error due to trying to bind a handle that is also used


class X::Proc::Async::BindOrUse


class X::OutOfRange


The Raku Knowledge Base


role X::OS

Methods

method os-error

See Also