TITLE

Mutable uint8 buffer for utf8 binary data


SUBTITLE

class utf8 does Blob[uint8] is repr('VMArray') {}


A C<utf8> is a subtype of Blob which is specifically uint8 data for holding UTF-8
encoded text.


my utf8 $b = "hello".encode;
say $b[1].fmt("0x%X"); # OUTPUT: «0x65␤»


root

Sequence of itemized values


class Array


Immutable collection of distinct objects with integer weights


class Bag


Mutable collection of distinct objects with integer weights


class BagHash


Argument list suitable for passing to a Signature


class Capture


Mapping from strings to itemized values


class Hash


Low level storage of positional values


class IterationBuffer


Sequence of values


class List


Immutable mapping from strings to values


class Map


Immutable collection of distinct objects with Real weights


class Mix


Mutable collection of distinct objects with Real weights


class MixHash


Codepoint string in Normal Form C (composed)


class NFC


Codepoint string in Normal Form D (decomposed)


class NFD


Codepoint string in Normal Form KC (compatibility composed)


class NFKC


Codepoint string in Normal Form KD (compatibility decomposed)


class NFKD


Key/value pair


class Pair


Stash type for pseudo-packages


class PseudoStash


Interval of ordered values


class Range


An iterable, potentially lazy sequence of values


class Seq


Immutable collection of distinct objects


class Set


Mutable collection of distinct objects


class SetHash


A kind of List that automatically flattens into an outer container


class Slip


Table for "our"-scoped symbols


class Stash


A string of Unicode codepoints


class Uni


para

L<Examples| file:../examples/index.podlite>


L<Download |file:../download/index.podlite>


React

=begin React :component<HeaderCol> :id<menu> 
=para L<Documentation|/doc/introduction>
=para L<Modules| /mods>
=para L<Examples| file:../examples/index.podlite>
=para L<Download |file:../download/index.podlite>
=para L<About|file:../about/index.podlite>
=para 🔍 K<⌘K>/K<ctrl-K>
=end React


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class utf8


A subclass of L<C<ObjAt>|/type/ObjAt> that should be used to indicate that a class
produces objects that are value types - in other words, that are immutable after
they have been initialized.


my %h = a => 42;        # mutable Hash
say %h.WHICH;           # OUTPUT: «ObjAt.new("Hash|1402...888")␤»


my %m is Map = a => 42; # immutable Map
say %m.WHICH;           # OUTPUT: «ValueObjAt.new("Map|AAF...09F61F")␤»


If you create a class that should be considered a value type, you should add
a C<WHICH> method to that class that returns a C<ValueObjAt> object, for
instance:


class YourClass {
    has $.foo;  # note these are not mutable
    has $.bar;


method WHICH() {
    ValueObjAt.new("YourClass|$!foo|$!bar");
}
}


Note that it is customary to always start the identifying string with the
name of the object, followed by a "|".  This to prevent confusion with other
classes that may generate similar string values: the name of the class should
then be enough of a differentiator to prevent collisions.


Native integer


class int


Dual value number and string


class Allomorph


Thing/object


class Any


Abstract representation of a piece of source code


class AST


Integer (native storage at the platform's atomic operation size)


class atomicint


Code object with its own lexical scope


class Block


Captures the current frame state


class CallFrame


Code object


class Code


Encapsulates instructions about how strings should be sorted


class Collation


Information related to the compiler that is being used


class Compiler


Complex number


class Complex


Dual value complex number and string


class ComplexStr


Object that can be treated as both a string and number


class Cool


Scheduler that synchronously executes code on the current thread


class CurrentThreadScheduler


Calendar date


class Date


Calendar date with time


class DateTime


Distribution::Hash


class Distribution::Hash


Distribution::Locally


class Distribution::Locally


Distribution::Path


class Distribution::Path


Every one of the resources installed with a distribution


class Distribution::Resource


Length of time


class Duration


Management of available encodings


class Encoding::Registry


Rational number (arbitrary-precision)


class FatRat


Rakudo-specific class that wraps around code in other languages (generally NQP)


class ForeignCode


Convert values to a string given a format specification


class Format


Produce Callable for given format specification


class Formatter


An object for performing batches of work in parallel with ordered
output


class HyperSeq


Placeholder for multiple unspecified values/arguments


class HyperWhatever


Specific moment in time


class Instant


Integer (arbitrary-precision)


class Int


Dual value integer and string


class IntStr


Logical superposition of values


class Junction


Tagged location in the source code


class Label


A non-blocking, non-re-entrant, mutual exclusion lock


class Lock::Async


Compile-time routine


class Macro


Member function


class Method


The root of the Raku type hierarchy.


class Mu


Absence of a value or a benign failure


class Nil


Floating-point number


class Num


Number or object that can act as a number


role Numeric


Dual value floating-point number and string


class NumStr


Unique identification for an object


class ObjAt


Element of a Signature


class Parameter


Perl related information


class Perl


Item container with custom storage and retrieval


class Proxy


Performs batches of work in parallel without respecting original
order.


class RaceSeq


Raku related information


class Raku


Namespace for holding RakuAST related classes


package RakuAST


Contains the information of a RakuDoc block


class RakuAST::Doc::Block


Contains the declarator docs of a RakuAST object


class RakuAST::Doc::Declarator


Contains the information about RakuDoc markup


class RakuAST::Doc::Markup


Contains the information about a RakuDoc paragraph


class RakuAST::Doc::Paragraph


Rational number (limited-precision)


class Rat


Dual value rational number and string


class RatStr


Code object with its own lexical scope and return handling


class Routine


Holds all information needed to unwrap a wrapped routine.


class Routine::WrapHandle


A mostly transparent container used for indirections


class Scalar


Parameter list pattern


class Signature


String of characters


class Str


Contains the result of a string transformation.


class StrDistance


Subroutine


class Sub


Member function that is not inherited by subclasses


class Submethod


Collect performance state for analysis


class Telemetry


Instrument for collecting Thread data


class Telemetry::Instrument::Thread


Instrument for collecting ThreadPoolScheduler data


class Telemetry::Instrument::ThreadPool


Instrument for collecting getrusage data


class Telemetry::Instrument::Usage


Performance data over a period


class Telemetry::Period


Unique identification for value types


class ValueObjAt


The Raku Knowledge Base


See Also